Tips for Selecting a Tubular Electromagnetic Solenoid
The application is the first step in choosing the right tubular electromagnetic solenoid, not the available product size.
1. Determine the Force Needed
Find out the actual mechanical load that the solenoid is supposed to move. Specify the minimum force required for the working stroke. Do not choose a solenoid according to the maximum starting force.
2. Verify the Stroke
Calculate the required plunger stroke. The long stroke can significantly influence the available force, power consumption, and overall solenoid size.
3. Choose the Voltage
Check the power supply available in the equipment, such as 5V, 12V, 24V, or 48V DC. The coil should be designed according to the specified voltage and conditions of operation.
4. Calculate the Duty Cycle
Specify whether the solenoid is continuous or intermittent. For instance, a solenoid that operates for one second every minute has very different thermal design requirements than a continuously operating solenoid.
5. Check the Operating Frequency
Calculate the expected number of cycles per minute, hour, and lifetime. For high-frequency applications, you will need appropriate mechanical materials, coil design, and thermal management.
6. Check the Space for Installation
Specify the maximum diameter and length possible. In addition, verify mounting holes, shaft clearance, connector position, and installation orientation.
7. Set Up the Return Mechanism
Establish whether the solenoid will use an internal return spring or an external spring or mechanical return force. You should consider the spring force in the calculation of the net output force.
8. Consider Temperature
Check the ambient temperature, the temperature generated by the coil, and the surrounding components. Continuous operation will increase the temperature significantly.
9. Consider the Environment
Consider vibration, humidity, dust, oil, chemicals, and outdoor exposure. Housing materials and surface treatment should be appropriate for the environment.
10. Lifetime of Testing
Specify the required number of operating cycles (100,000 cycles, etc.) and request the appropriate reliability testing.
Best Practice: provide manufacturer voltage + force + stroke + duty cycle + frequency + dimensions + load + environment + lifetime. This allows the engineering team to suggest a proper design instead of matching a catalog dimension.
Advice to Avoid Frequent Mistakes in the Design of Tubular Electromagnetic Solenoid
Mistake 1: Choosing the Wrong Side Based on Force Only
The required force might be available at one position of the solenoid but not at the actual working stroke.
Solution: Adjust the force to the stroke.
Mistake 2 – Ignoring the Duty Cycle
Operating the short-duty solenoid continuously will lead to excessive temperature rise and coil failure.
Solution: Define ON time, OFF time, and operating frequency.
Mistake 3: Choosing the Voltage Without Power Checks
Two 24V solenoids can have the same voltage but very different current and power requirements.
Solution: Verify the voltage, current, resistance, and wattage.
Mistake 4: Underestimating the Return-Spring Force
Spring force opposes the electromagnetic force.
Solution: Determine the net force after taking into account spring force and mechanical load.
Mistake 5: Not Enough Installation Clearance
Nominal solenoid sizes might fit, but the moving shaft or connector won’t.
Solution: Provide the installation envelope.
Mistake 6: Ignoring Temperature
Temperature affects the electrical resistance of the coil and reduces its performance.
Solution: Verify the thermal performance under real duty cycle conditions.
Mistake 7: Designing the Solenoid in Isolation from the Machine
A solenoid that operated perfectly in laboratory tests may not perform well upon installation.
Test the solenoid with the actual mechanical load and mechanism.
Error 8: Switching Materials Without Re-Validation
Force and lifetime can be changed with different plunger, housing, spring, or coil materials.
Solution: Revalidate the performance after significant material changes.














